I just browsed through this paper and it’s highly complex. And by the look of it this will be impossible to recreate with just grasshopper components. It would need to be programmed with proper Object Oriented design and a good technical understanding of the principals of what the paper is explaining.
My first impression is that probably this patterns are not generated geometrically speaking but rather more on a mathematical level, think of a reaction diffusion system ( just google Karl sims reaction diffusion) those patterns are emergent from a set of rules and are not constructed on geometrical manipulations. Now if you would try to Make a reaction diffusion in 3D it would just be a matter of layering the values over time and then visualizing the geometry with a marching cubes algorithm. The Beauty about natural phenomena is how complexity emerges from simple rules of interaction.